May 18, 2024  
2015-2016 Undergraduate Catalog 
    
2015-2016 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 Courses numbered from 101–299 are lower-division courses, primarily for freshmen and sophomores; those numbered from 300–499 are upper-division courses, primarily for juniors and seniors. The numbers 296, 396, 496, and 596 designate individual study courses and are available for registration by prior arrangement with the course instructor and approval of the department chair.

The number in parentheses following the course title indicates the amount of credit each course carries. Variable credit courses include the minimum and maximum number of the credits within parentheses.

Not all of the courses are offered every quarter. Final confirmation of courses to be offered, information on new courses and programs, as well as a list of hours, instructor, titles of courses and places of class meetings, is available online in My CWU which can be accessed through the the CWU home page, and go to www.cwu.edu/registrar/course-information

 

Health Education (HED)

  
  • HED 210 - Drugs and Health


    Description:
    Uses and abuses of drugs. Special emphasis will be on psycho-physiological effects upon human health and responsible drug use.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 230 - Foundations of Public Health


    Description:
    This is an introductory course for students interested in public health. The course introduces students to the core foundational concepts for continuing study in the area of public health. This course surveys the history, philosophies, and underlying the practice of public health. This course involves community and campus interaction through service learning.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 240 - Writing in Public Health


    Description:
    Fundamental skills and practice for effective written communication in public health and related disciplines; attention to clarity and accuracy; various styles and strategies; appropriate use and citation of peer-reviewed literature; audience concern; hierarchy of evidence; APA style is a focus.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: ENG 101 and ENG 102.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 250 - Introduction to Health Policy and Systems


    Description:
    This introductory course provides an overview of the U.S. health system, and explores the conceptual process of health policy development, the social and political environment in which policy decisions are made and their implications on the health and well-being of populations.

    Credits: (3)

  
  
  • HED 298 - Special Topics


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HED 299 - Seminar


    Credits: (1-5)

  
  • HED 310 - Community Health


    Description:
    An overview of contemporary community health programs; problems in community health at the local, national, and international levels.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: HED 230 or permission of instructor.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 311 - Cross Cultural Practice in Public Health


    Description:
    An overview of culturally-driven behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together to enable effective public health practice in cross-cultural situations. This course will review best-practices in interpersonal behaviors, effective communication skills, and knowledge development for culturally-competent public health professionals.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 317 - Global Health


    Description:
    Explores the health status of people within the global community. Explores specific health issues endemic to certain parts of the world and related programs.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 318 - The Politics of Food and Health


    Description:
    Exploration of the politics of food from farm to table, and the implications for human and environmental health. HED 318 and NUTR 318 are cross-listed courses, students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (2)

  
  • HED 320 - Environmental Health


    Description:
    Explores basic environmental health topics that public health educators will use in community settings, including models and theories that encourage community involvement.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 324 - Infectious and Non-infectious Disease


    Description:
    This course introduces students to the various principles related to the identification, treatment, and prevention of prevalent infectious and non-infectious diseases. Additionally, the physical, social, psychological, and economic effects of these illnesses/diseases in society are explored.

    Credits: (4)

  
  • HED 351 - Community Building Strategies for Public Health


    Description:
    Overview of effective strategies and practices of community building for health, including community organizing and coalition building. Formerly HED 450, students may not receive credit for both.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: HED 230.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 370 - Contemporary Issues in Public Health


    Description:
    Contemporary health education topics and issues are explored through classroom and community contacts, visual, web-based, and interactive media. May be repeated up to 6 credits, provided topic is different.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 375 - Theories of Health Behavior


    Description:
    Provides an introduction to methods and theories of behavior change related to community and public health. Examines change process of individual and communities including motivating factors essential to maintaining positive behavior change.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 380 - Epidemiology


    Description:
    Epidemiology is the scientific study of the determinants, rates, and distribution of disease amongst populations.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 387 - Principles of Fitness and Stress Management


    Description:
    The theory and practice of health enhancement through fitness and stress management.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 398 - Special Topics


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HED 422 - Methods for Health Promotion


    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 101 and HED 230, and current WSP/FBI fingerprint clearance.

    Credits: (4)

  
  • HED 431 - Principles of Sexuality Education (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.)


    Description:
    Principles and content for sex education in school and community settings.  (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.  Last taught in 2011.  Will go inactive 8/24/19.)

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: by permission.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 440 - Public Health Communication


    Description:
    Basic theory and practice of public health communications to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: HED 230.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 442 - Field Work and Experience in Health Education


    Description:
    Observation and participation in health programs, and/or HED 101.

    Credits: (1-15)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated to a maximum of 15 credits.
  
  • HED 445 - Professionalism in Public Health


    Description:
    Professional ethics, job readiness, and job search in public health. To be taken last two quarters before internship placement.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 230, and HED 240, and HED 375 and acceptance into the public health major.

    Credits: (1)

  
  • HED 446 - Health Education Curriculum for Elementary Teachers


    Description:
    Examination of available curricula and teaching materials in health education for elementary school teachers. Students must develop an elementary health education curriculum.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: current WSP/FBI fingerprint clearance, and admission to the Teacher Certification Program.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 448 - Sexual Health


    Description:
    This course surveys sexual health from a public health perspective, focusing on both individual and societal factors contributing to sexual health.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 460 - Public Health Ethics


    Description:
    Overview of key ethical frameworks and their application to ethical issues in public health practice.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 230 and HED 240 and acceptance into public health major and senior standing.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HED 470 - Population Health Assessment and Research


    Description:
    Theory and practice of assessing the health status, potential, and determinants of communities and populations.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 230, and HED 240, and MATH 130 and acceptance into public health major.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HED 471 - Program Planning


    Description:
    Health program planning; needs assessment, and goal setting.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 330 and acceptance into public health major.

    Credits: (4)

  
  • HED 472 - Program Implementation and Evaluation


    Description:
    Implementation and evaluation of programs and other strategies designed to improve population health outcomes.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 471 and acceptance into public health major.

    Credits: (4)

  
  • HED 475 - Community Health Administration


    Description:
    Understanding and application of knowledge to various administrative tasks in community health. Grants, management, and personnel issues will be covered.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: HED 230 and HED 240, or departmental permission.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • Learning Agreement Forms

    HED 490 - Cooperative Education


    Description:
    An individualized, contracted field experience with business, industry, government, or social service agencies. This contractual arrangement involves a student learning plan, cooperating employer supervision, and faculty coordination.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: prior approval required.

    Credits: (1-12)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated for credit.
    Grading Basis
    Grade will either be S or U.
  
  • HED 491 - Workshop


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HED 492 - Practicum


    Description:
    Practical experience and application of responsibilities and competencies necessary for practicing health education.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: HED 345 or 472.

    Credits: (4)

  
  
  • HED 498 - Special Topics


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HED 499 - Seminar


    Credits: (1-5)


Health and Physical Education (HPE)

  
  • HPE 443 - Sex, Drugs and Going Pro: Issues in Professional Sports


    Description:
    This course will provide students with an in-depth exploration of contemporary problems and scandals in professional sports so they can contemplate, assess and suggest methods for cultural change at the professional sports level. HPE 443 and HPE 543 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HPE 444 - The Promise and Pitfalls in Interscholastic Athletic Programs


    Description:
    This course will provide students with an in-depth exploration of contemporary issues surrounding interscholastic athletics at the local, state and national levels. The student will contemplate and assess the critical issues in secondary school athletics and appraise possible solutions for specific case studies. HPE 444 and HPE 544 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HPE 445 - The Good, Bad and Ugly of Intercollegiate Sports


    Description:
    This course will provide students with an in-depth exploration of current positive and negative topics surrounding intercollegiate athletics. The students will contemplate and assess critical issues through historical and contemporary case studies. HPE 445 and HPE 545 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (3)


History (HIST)

  
  • HIST 101 - World Civilization to 1500


    Description:
    Origins and development of the major world civilizations to the 15th century. A comparative study of their political, social, and economic institutions, and their religious and intellectual backgrounds.

    Credits: (5)

    General Education Category
    SB-Perspective on World Culture (W).
    Notes:
    Meets the General Education writing requirement.
  
  • HIST 102 - World Civilization: 1500-1815


    Description:
    A comparative survey of political, social, economic, and cultural developments.

    Credits: (5)

    General Education Category
    SB-Perspective on World Culture (W).
    Notes:
    For general education (breadth) credit, it is preferred that a student be enrolled in or have completed ENG 101. Meets the General Education writing requirement.
  
  • HIST 103 - World Civilization Since 1815


    Description:
    A comparative survey of political, social, economic, and cultural developments.

    Credits: (5)

    General Education Category
    SB-Perspective on World Culture (W).
    Notes:
    For general education (breadth) credit, it is preferred that a student be enrolled in or have completed ENG 101. Meets the General Education writing requirement.
  
  • HIST 143 - United States History to 1865


    Description:
    The Colonial, Revolutionary, and National periods.

    Credits: (5)

    General Education Category
    SB-Perspectives on Cultures and experiences of U.S. (W).
    Notes:
    Meets the General Education writing requirement.
  
  • HIST 144 - United States History Since 1865


    Description:
    Reconstruction, Industrial America, and 20th-century urban America.

    Credits: (5)

    General Education Category
    SB-Perspectives on Cultures and experiences of U.S. (W).
    Notes:
    Recommended ENG 101.
  
  • HIST 298 - Special Topics


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HIST 301 - Pacific Northwest History


    Description:
    Exploration and settlement; subsequent political, economic, and social history with particular emphasis on Washington.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 302 - Historical Methods


    Description:
    Exercises in historical research, critical analysis, and interpretation.

    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisites: sophomore or junior standing and admission to either the history large, small or social studies teaching major.

    Credits: (5)

    Notes:
    Students must earn a minimum grade of C as a major requirement.
  
  • HIST 309 - American History through Film


    Description:
    Explores American history through the prism of film, how film represents the past, how filmmakers, historians, and the general public understand cinematic history, and how film can be viewed as both primary and secondary sources.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 313 - History of Rome 500 B.C. to 500 A. D.


    Description:
    Beginning, city-state, republican period; world empire; decline.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 314 - Military History of the United States


    Description:
    A comprehensive and systematic survey and analysis of the American military experience from Colonial times through the Vietnam War. HIST 314 and MSL 314 are cross-listed courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 315 - Muslim Middle East (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.)


    Description:
    The origins and spread of Islamic civilization and its interaction with Graeco-Roman, Persian, and Indian civilizations. Crusades and the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire.  (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.  Last taught in 2012.  Will go inactive 8/24/19.)

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 321 - Latin America Through Film, Art, and Music


    Description:
    Analyzes the role of film, art, and music in understanding the social, cultural, and political history of Latin America in the colonial and modern eras.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 322 - World Prehistory


    Description:

    Old- and New-world prehistory from late Pliocene to the early historic period, including the ecology and development of hunting-gathering, agriculture, and state-level societies. HIST 322 and ANTH 322 are cross-listed courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (4)

  
  • HIST 323 - Food and Drink in Global History


    Description:
    Examination of cultural, political, and economic roles food and drink have played in global history, 1400 to present. Themes: cultural exchange and globalization; national, ethnic and gender identities; empire and slavery; war; industrialization; politics of food.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 325 - Renaissance and Reformation


    Description:
    Survey of European political, social, cultural, and economic revolutions from the 14th to16th centuries; including medieval dissolution, humanism, overseas exploration, Protestantism, and popular culture.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 328 - Modern Latin America


    Description:
    Analyzes the history of Latin America in the past two centuries, from the Wars of Independence to the present day.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 329 - The Tropics and the Modern World


    Description:
    Analyzes the history of the modern world through the history of tropical commodities.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 330 - Africa to 1800


    Description:
    This course is designed to explore Africa’s earliest civilizations; internal processes of change; external influences; state formation; complex societies; connections to the world economy.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 331 - Colonial Africa


    Description:
    Africa on the eve of colonial conquest; causes of imperialism; colonial rule and African reactions and initiatives; independence and colonial legacy.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 332 - History of the Black Diaspora


    Description:
    This course focuses on the black diaspora. It looks at the movement and impact of black people from Africa to other parts of the world. It examines their contribution to world civilizations and identities.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 334 - History of Gender and Sexuality in Africa from Pre-colonial Times to the Present


    Description:

    This course examines the histories and changing aspects of gender and sexuality in different African contexts from the pre-colonial to the post-colonial eras. Topics will include marriage, politics, prestige, wealth, social cohesion, Christianity, AIDs, etc.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 339 - Colonial British America


    Description:
    Social, cultural, political, and economic life in the British colonies of North America to 1763.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 341 - The Constitution and the New Republic, 1783-1800


    Description:
    Explores the origins of American government, society and culture by examining the Articles of Confederation, the crisis of the 1780s, the Constitutional convention, ratification, the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, the creation of the first two-party system, Republican Motherhood, slavery, and the formation of American identity.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 344 - American Manhood in Historical Perspective


    Description:
    This course examines the cultural construction of masculinity in America from the colonial period to the present. Important topics include the interplay between gender and politics, sexuality, race, courtship, religion, honor, and violence.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 346 - Women in American History


    Description:
    A survey of the role of women, their treatment, and response in American society from colonial times to the present.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 352 - The History of the American Family


    Description:
    American family patterns from early settlement to the present; demography, gender roles, courtship, marriage, child raising, aging, ethnicity, and alternative lifestyles.

    Credits: (3)

  
  • HIST 370 - Medieval European History


    Description:
    Survey of Western European history from late antiquity to the 16th century; political, economic, social, and religious thought and institutions.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 380 - Modern East Asia


    Description:
    A survey of the modern histories of China, Japan, and Korea from 1600 to the present. Imperialism, nationalism, and the rise of communism are covered.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 381 - History of Modern Southeast Asia: Colonial Era to the Present


    Description:
    This is a survey course in the political and cultural history of modern Southeast Asia. It will examine European colonialism, nationalism, decolonization, and post WWII configuration.

    Credits: (5)

    Notes:
    Put on reserve 9/16/2014. Last taught in 2010. Will go inactive 8/24/17.
  
  • HIST 383 - East Asian Civilization


    Description:
    A general survey of the development of civilization in China, Japan, and Korea to about 1600.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 385 - Aztec, Inca, Maya: Empire and City in the New World


    Description:
    Introduces students to three key urban civilizations: the Mexica (Aztecs), Mayans, and Inca. the course focuses on political and social history as well as the “conquest” of those groups by the Spanish empire.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 386 - The Latin American Colonies


    Description:
    Analyzes the history of Latin America and the Caribbean from pre-Columbian times to the Wars of Independence.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 395 - Research in Local History


    Description:
    Comparative local history with emphasis on research techniques and the utilization of sources.

    Credits: (1- 6)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated for credit.
  
  • HIST 398 - Special Topics


    Credits: (1-6)

  
  • HIST 401 - Readings in U.S. History


    Description:
    Readings seminar of United States history.

    Credits: (5)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated for up to 15 credits.
    Notes:
    Put on reserve 9/16/2014. Will go inactive 8/24/17.
  
  • HIST 402 - Reading in European History (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.)


    Description:
    Readings seminar on European history.  (Put on Reserve 9/16/16.  Last taught in 2013.  Will go inactive 8/24/19.)

    Credits: (5)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated for up to 15 credits.
  
  • HIST 403 - Readings in African, Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American History


    Description:
    Readings seminar on African, Asian, Middle Eastern, or Latin American history.

    Credits: (5)

    Repeatable for Credit
    May be repeated for up to 15 credits.
  
  • HIST 421 - Methods and Materials in the Social Studies, Secondary


    Prerequisites & Notes:
    Prerequisite: admission to the Teacher Certification Program. EDCS 311 is a recommended prerequisite.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 422 - Roman and Medieval Britain


    Description:
    The British Isles from Roman times to the beginnings of the Tudor dynasty. Course will cover the rise of the English monarchy, the creation of parliament, and the colonization of the British Isles. HIST 422 and HIST 522 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 423 - The Irish Revolution


    Description:
    History and historiography of the Irish revolution. Topics include the constitutional and revolutionary antecedents, the course of the revolution, and the foundation of the Irish Free State. HIST 423 and HIST 523 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 424 - Modern Ireland: 1798-present


    Description:
    The history of Ireland from the revolt of 1798 through the present. Focus will be on the varieties of Irish nationalism, the process of state-building, and the ongoing troubles in the north. HIST 424 and HIST 524 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 426 - France 1789-1945


    Description:
    French history through the lens of revolution. Discussions of the variety of French revolutions (1789, 1792, 1830, 1848, 1870) and concluding with the National Revolution of Vichy France. HIST 426 and HIST 526 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 427 - Modern Britain and the Empire since 1763


    Description:
    History of Britain and the Empire since the Seven Years’ War. Topics include growth of empire, industrialization, political reform, world wars, decolonization, and post-war social changes. HIST 427 and HIST 527 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 428 - Early Modern Britain 1485-1763


    Description:
    History of the Britain and the Empire during the Tudor-Stuart and early Hanoverian periods. Topics covered include the origins of the British Empire, the development of the British state, the Civil War and the Glorious Revolution. HIST 428 and HIST 528 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 434 - American Indian History to 1795


    Description:
    Discussion and lecture course on Native North American history from 1492 to the founding of the American Republic, and an introduction to the discipline and practice of ethnohistory, which combines traditional historical analysis with ethnographic concepts and research methodologies. HIST 434 and HIST 534 are layered courses, students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 438 - American Indian History since 1795


    Description:
    Examines American Indian history since the Treaty of Greenville, wherein the U.S. recognized tribal sovereignty. Themes include resistance, assimilation, cultural revitalization, federal Indian policy, sovereignty, and reservation economics. HIST 438 and HIST 538 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 440 - The American Revolution


    Description:
    Causes and consequences of the American Revolution, 1688-1789. HIST 440 and HIST 540 are layered  courses; students may receive credit for both. 

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 442 - Jefferson, Jackson, and American Growth, 1800-1848


    Description:
    Election of Jefferson to ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Examines growth of political parties; development of a “working” and a “middle” class; changing gender relations; Manifest Destiny; Indian Removal; expansion of slavery; and revolutions in transportation, communication, and markets. HIST 442 and 542 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 443 - The West in American History


    Description:
    Exploration, territorial acquisition, patterns of settlement, economic development, and the influence of the frontier on American institutions. HIST 443 and HIST 543 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 444 - Sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction


    Description:

    Slavery, the Old South, sectionalism, the breakdown of the Union, and secession. A military, political, and social history of North and South during the Civil War, and the aftermath of the war. HIST 444 and HIST 544 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 445 - Introduction to Public History


    Description:
    This course examines the venues through which the general public learns American history, with visits and analysis of exhibits and their interpretation.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 450 - Exploring U.S. Cultural History


    Description:

    Thematic approach to 19th century cultural transformations in U.S. Selected topics; mesmerism, utopias, true womanhood, women’s rights, slave spirituals, confidence men, and gold rushes. HIST 450 and HIST 550 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 451 - 20th Century U.S.: 1896-1919


    Description:
    Imperialism, progressivism, and World War I. HIST 451 and HIST 551 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 452 - 20th Century U.S.: 1919-1945


    Description:
    Prosperity and depression; the New Deal and its implications; World War II, origins and conclusion. HIST 452 and HIST 552 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 453 - 20th Century U.S.: 1945 to the Present


    Description:
    Cold War, sedentary 50s, rebellious 60s, the Watergate era. HIST 453 and HIST 553 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 454 - American Environmental History


    Description:
    Environmental values and practices of the diverse populations of America. HIST 454 and HIST 554 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 460 - Religion in Latin America


    Description:
    Analyzes the relationship between individuals, religious movements, and the state from the pre-Columbian era to the present. HIST 460 and HIST 560 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 462 - History of American Foreign Relations: 1900-1941


    Description:
    From the Spanish-American War to Pearl Harbor. HIST 462 and HIST 562 are layered courses; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

  
  • HIST 463 - History of American Foreign Relations Since 1941


    Description:
    From Pearl Harbor to the present. HIST 463 and HIST 563 are layered course; students may not receive credit for both.

    Credits: (5)

 

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